Incorporation of heterocycles into drug molecules can enhance physical properties and biological activity. Oxadiazoles are a class of five-membered heterocycles containing one oxygen and two nitrogen atoms with special biological activity and thermodynamic properties. 1,2,4- and 1,3,4-oxadiazoles are widely used in the development of bioactive molecules, but 1,2,5-oxadiazoles (furazans) are used relatively sparingly. Compared with 1,2,4- and 1,3,4-isomers, 1,2,5-oxadiazole has unique physicochemical properties and electronic effects. The furazan ring has a strong inductive effect, comparable to that of trifluoromethyl or tetrazolyl. The unique properties of furoxan can confer specific pharmacological activities to drug-like molecules.
Benzoheterocycles are heterocycles which are fused with a benzene ring. Coumarone, thianaphthene, benzopyridine, isoquinoline, and dibenzopyridine all belong to this class of compounds.
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