Fluorine is the most electronegative element in the periodic table, and the fluorine atom has a small atomic radius, so fluorine-containing organic compounds have many wonderful properties. For example, the introduction of fluorine atoms or fluorine-containing groups into drug molecules can improve the permeability to cell membranes, metabolic stability and bioavailability; in addition, the introduction of fluorine atoms will improve the lipid solubility of the compound and promote its absorption in the body. The speed of delivery changes the physiological effect. In the field of medicinal chemistry, the introduction of fluorine atoms into organic molecules is an important direction for the development of new anticancer drugs, antitumor drugs, antiviral agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, and central nervous system drugs.
Fuel Cells is a highly efficient, clean and renewable energy technology with many advantages such as low emissions, high efficiency, quiet operation and flexibility. They can use many different fuels, such as hydrogen, methanol, natural gas and biomass, making them highly adaptable and flexible. Fuel cell materials are essential components in the construction and operation of fuel cells, which are devices that convert chemical energy from fuels into electrical energy through an electrochemical process. There are several types of fuel cells, such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), and molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs), each requiring different materials for their functioning.