Lithium-ion batteries (Li-ion batteries) are widely used in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and renewable energy storage systems due to their high energy density and long cycle life. These batteries are composed of several key materials such as cathode materials, anode materials, electrolyte, separator and current collector, which enable them to operate. Other minor components in Li-ion batteries include binders, additives, and fillers, which improve electrode stability, electrolyte performance, and battery safety. Ongoing research and development focus on improving the energy density, safety, and cost-effectiveness of Li-ion batteries through advancements in materials, including the exploration of new cathode and anode materials, solid-state electrolytes, high-voltage electrolyte additives, and advanced manufacturing techniques.
Fuel Cells is a highly efficient, clean and renewable energy technology with many advantages such as low emissions, high efficiency, quiet operation and flexibility. They can use many different fuels, such as hydrogen, methanol, natural gas and biomass, making them highly adaptable and flexible. Fuel cell materials are essential components in the construction and operation of fuel cells, which are devices that convert chemical energy from fuels into electrical energy through an electrochemical process. There are several types of fuel cells, such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), and molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs), each requiring different materials for their functioning.
In chemistry, a halide is a binary chemical compound, of which one part is a halogen atom and the other part is an element or radical that is less electronegative (or more electropositive) than the halogen, to make a fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, astatide, or theoretically tennesside compound.