Aliphatic chain compounds include aliphatic compounds and chain compounds containing other elements or groups. Aliphatic hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons with the basic properties of aliphatic compounds. In aliphatic compounds, carbon atoms are arranged in straight chain, branched chain or cyclic, which are respectively called straight chain aliphatic hydrocarbons, branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbons and alicyclic hydrocarbons. Some cyclic hydrocarbons are different in nature from aromatic hydrocarbons, and are very similar to aliphatic hydrocarbons. Such cyclic hydrocarbons are called alicyclic hydrocarbons. In this way, aliphatic hydrocarbons become a general term for all hydrocarbons except aromatic hydrocarbons. Aliphatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives (including halogenated hydrocarbons) and alicyclic hydrocarbons and their derivatives are collectively referred to as aliphatic compounds.
Lithium-ion batteries (Li-ion batteries) are widely used in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and renewable energy storage systems due to their high energy density and long cycle life. These batteries are composed of several key materials such as cathode materials, anode materials, electrolyte, separator and current collector, which enable them to operate. Other minor components in Li-ion batteries include binders, additives, and fillers, which improve electrode stability, electrolyte performance, and battery safety. Ongoing research and development focus on improving the energy density, safety, and cost-effectiveness of Li-ion batteries through advancements in materials, including the exploration of new cathode and anode materials, solid-state electrolytes, high-voltage electrolyte additives, and advanced manufacturing techniques.
Hydrogen storage materials are materials which can store and release hydrogen gas. These materials are important for the development of hydrogen fuel cell technology, as they allow for the safe and efficient storage of hydrogen. There are several types of hydrogen storage materials, including: 1. Sorbent Materials. Carbon-based materials such as nanotubes, fullerenes, graphene, mesoporous silica, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), isoreticular metal-organic frameworks (IRMOFs), covalent-organic frameworks (COFs), and clathrates belong to this category. 2. Complex Hydrides. These consist of light metal hydrides and chemical hydrides. 3. Nanostructured materials. These are composed of functionalized sorbent materials as well as nanoparticles of complex hydrides. The development of efficient and cost-effective hydrogen storage materials is crucial for the widespread adoption of hydrogen fuel cell technology.