Pyridine is a six-membered heterocyclic compound containing one nitrogen heteroatom. Pyridine and piperidine are the most frequently occurring heterocyclic building blocks in drug molecules. According to incomplete statistics, there are currently more than 180 drugs containing pyridine or piperidine structure that have been marketed, nearly 1/5 of the drugs approved for marketing in recent years contain these two structures.
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Pyridine is a basic heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical formula C5H5N. It is structurally related to benzene, with one methine group (=CH−) replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a highly flammable, weakly alkaline, water-miscible liquid with a distinctive, unpleasant fish-like smell.
Oxadiazoles are a class of heterocyclic aromatic compounds with the molecular formula C2H2N2O, which have special biological activities and thermodynamic properties. Five-membered heterocyclic moieties composed of three or two heteroatoms are of great interest to researchers because these compounds show significant therapeutic potential. These heterocycles can serve as a building block for the development of novel molecular structures.
The molecular structure of cyclobutane has four carbon atoms, and its four carbon atoms are not in the same plane, which is the folded conformation of cyclobutane. Cyclobutane itself is not of commercial or biological interest, but more complex derivatives are important in biology and biotechnology. Currently, nine FDA-approved drugs contain the cyclobutane structure. From the perspective of therapeutic areas, cyclobutyl drugs are mainly distributed in popular areas such as tumors, neurological diseases, infectious diseases, endocrine and metabolic diseases.