Morpholine contains secondary amine groups and has all the typical reactive characteristics of secondary amine groups. It can react with inorganic acids to form salts, and react with organic acids to form salts or amides, which can be subjected to alkylation reaction, and can also be reacted with ethylene oxide, ketone or Willgerodt reaction. Morpholine is a six-membered ring containing oxygen and nitrogen, and its alkalinity is much lower than that of its parent piperidine. The marketed morpholine drugs are mainly distributed in the fields of tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory system diseases, digestive system diseases, infectious diseases and mental disorders.
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Pyrimidine, also known as 1,3-diazobenzene, is a heterocyclic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2. Pyrimidine is formed by substituting 2 nitrogen atoms for 2 carbons in the meta-position of benzene. It is a diazine and retains its aromaticity. Derivatives of pyrimidine widely exist in organic macromolecular nucleic acids, and many drugs also contain pyrimidine rings. In nucleic acids, three nucleobases are pyrimidine derivatives: cytosine, thymine and uracil. There are a variety of pyrimidine-containing drugs on the market, most of which are kinase inhibitors.
Fluorine is the most electronegative element in the periodic table, and the fluorine atom has a small atomic radius, so fluorine-containing organic compounds have many wonderful properties. For example, the introduction of fluorine atoms or fluorine-containing groups into drug molecules can improve the permeability to cell membranes, metabolic stability and bioavailability; in addition, the introduction of fluorine atoms will improve the lipid solubility of the compound and promote its absorption in the body. The speed of delivery changes the physiological effect. In the field of medicinal chemistry, the introduction of fluorine atoms into organic molecules is an important direction for the development of new anticancer drugs, antitumor drugs, antiviral agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, and central nervous system drugs.